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Biology

Key Highlights

Last updated: March 28, 2026 6:40 am
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Key Highlights

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研究发现,当细胞内的内含子套索(一种RNA结构)因DBR1酶缺陷而无法被正常回收时,内含子中的反向重复Alu序列会形成长的双链RNA结构。 这些内源性的双链RNA会大量消耗细胞内的抗病毒蛋白PKR,从而削弱细胞对病毒感染的固有免疫反应,这解释了DBR1缺陷细胞为何更容易被病毒感染。
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与病毒内含子不同,人类基因的内含子中富含这些能形成双链RNA的反向重复Alu序列。 这表明,人类细胞中内含子套索的回收效率是调控内源性双链RNA水平的一个关键因素,直接影响着细胞内在的抗病毒免疫状态。
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一项针对142种SARS-CoV-2单克隆抗体的研究发现,抗体依赖的细胞毒性(ADCC)活性主要由其靶向的病毒刺突蛋白区域决定,特别是S2结构域。 这意味着,针对病毒不同部位的抗体,其调动免疫细胞清除被感染细胞的能力有很大差异,这对设计下一代疫苗和治疗性抗体具有重要指导意义。
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研究还发现,抗体的ADCC活性与其结合病毒的强度或其中和病毒的能力没有直接关联,中等程度的结合就足以引发有效的ADCC反应。 这一发现挑战了传统观念,表明在评估抗体功能时,需要超越其中和活性,单独考量其调动其他免疫细胞的能力。
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科学家利用一种蓝藻(聚球藻)成功生产并递送了重组鱼干扰素,将其作为饲料添加剂喂给鲫鱼和斑马鱼。 这种“微藻干扰素饲料”能显著增强鱼类的抗病毒免疫反应,降低病毒载量,并提高感染后的存活率。
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该饲料还能调节鱼类的肠道菌群,促进有益菌生长,抑制机会性病原菌,并在病毒感染后帮助维持肠道微生物群的功能连接。 这为水产养殖业提供了一种新型的口服免疫治疗策略,有望减少病毒性疾病造成的经济损失。
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研究人员发现,眼球内长期存在的组织驻留巨噬细胞通过调节细胞外基质的更新,在维持眼压稳态中扮演着专门角色。 这一发现揭示了免疫细胞在青光眼等眼压失调疾病中未被充分认识的作用,为理解其病理机制提供了新视角。
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这些巨噬细胞的功能障碍可能导致青光眼的发生。 该研究确定了组织驻留巨噬细胞在产生阻力的组织(如眼睛)中不可或缺的稳态功能,为开发针对免疫细胞的新型青光眼疗法指明了潜在方向。
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