Nephrology

Nephrology focuses on the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys and their essential roles in filtering blood, regulating electrolytes, maintaining fluid balance, and supporting endocrine functions such as blood pressure control and red blood cell production. The field investigates conditions including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, glomerular disorders, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, and inherited renal syndromes. It also encompasses dialysis, transplant medicine, and strategies to slow disease progression and manage complications. By integrating physiology, pathology, immunology, and clinical care, nephrology provides the foundation for diagnosing and treating disorders that profoundly affect systemic health.