Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology examines the structure, function, and diseases of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and biliary tract. It investigates how these organs process nutrients, maintain gut integrity, interact with the microbiome, and coordinate complex metabolic and immune functions. The field addresses a wide spectrum of conditions—such as inflammatory bowel disease, liver disorders, gastrointestinal cancers, motility disorders, and functional GI syndromes—using endoscopy, imaging, molecular diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. Gastroenterology plays a critical role in advancing early detection, personalized treatment, and long-term management of digestive diseases that affect millions worldwide.